Linde Performance Share Programme 2007
It was resolved at the Shareholders’ Meeting of Linde AG held on 5 June 2007 to introduce a performance share scheme for management (Long Term Incentive Plan 2007 – LTIP 2007), under which up to 3.5 million options can be issued over a total period of five years.
The aim of LTIP 2007 is to present Linde management worldwide with meaningful performance criteria and to encourage the long-term loyalty of our management personnel.
Participants are granted options on an annual basis to subscribe to Linde shares, each with a maximum term of three years, two months and two weeks. The Supervisory Board determines the allocation of options to the members of the Executive Board of Linde AG. Otherwise, the Executive Board determines the participants in the scheme and the number of options to be issued.
Each option confers the right to purchase one share in Linde AG at the exercise price, which is equivalent in each case to the lowest issue price of EUR 2.56 per share. Linde AG may decide at any time, at its own discretion, that the option entitlements of the option holders may be met by providing own shares or by making a payment in cash instead of issuing new shares out of the share capital conditionally authorised for this purpose. These arrangements allow for flexibility in the exercise of options. It may make economic sense to use own shares where these are available, rather than increasing share capital or making a payment in cash. The decision as to how the option entitlements will be met will be made in each case by the appropriate executive bodies of the company.
Certain conditions apply to the exercise of the options. First of all, the option conditions provide for a qualifying period (vesting period) for the share options of three years from their date of issue. At the end of this period, the options can be exercised within a period not exceeding two months and two weeks, on condition that the member of the plan is still employed by Linde AG or by a Group company under a service or employment agreement and that he or she is not under notice. In special cases where a member of the scheme leaves Linde’s employ prematurely, an exception to the above rules may be made. Options in a tranche may only be exercised at the end of the vesting period if and to the extent that the three performance targets laid down have been met. A performance target may be met irrespective of whether the other performance targets have been met. Included in the definition of the performance targets are minimum targets and stretch targets, the fulfilment of which results in a different number of exercisable options in the tranche.
A 40 percent weighting applies to the “adjusted earnings per share” performance target. The minimum target is reached if the adjusted diluted earnings per share achieves a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7 percent during the vesting period. The stretch target is reached if a CAGR of 12 percent is achieved. If the minimum target is reached, 10 percent of the options in a tranche may be exercised and, if the stretch target is reached, 40 percent of the options in a tranche. If the CAGR is between these two target figures, the number of options that may be exercised is determined on a straight-line basis between these two percentage rates. Details of the calculation of “adjusted earnings per share” are given in Note [43]. The “adjusted earnings per share” performance target is regarded as a performance condition under IFRS 2.
A 30 percent weighting applies to the “absolute total shareholder return“ performance target. The minimum target is reached if the total shareholder return during the vesting period is 20 percent of the initial value. The stretch target is reached if the total shareholder return is 40 percent. If the minimum target is reached, 7.5 percent of the options in a tranche may be exercised and, if the stretch target is reached, 30 percent of the options in a tranche. If the total shareholder return is between these two target figures, the number of options that may be exercised is determined on a straight-line basis between these two percentage rates. The first component of total shareholder return over the three-year period is the change in the share price of Linde AG over the vesting period, which is determined by comparing the average closing price of Linde shares on the last 20 stock exchange trading days in the XETRA trading system of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange before the issue date of the options in the relevant tranche and the average closing price of Linde shares on the last 20 stock exchange trading days in the XETRA trading system before the third last stock exchange trading day before the exercise period. The other components of total shareholder return are dividends paid and the value of any statutory subscription rights relating to the share (e.g. as a result of increases in share capital). The “absolute total shareholder return“ performance target is regarded as a market condition under IFRS 2 and is included in the measurement of the option price.
A 30 percent weighting applies to the “relative total shareholder return“ performance target. The minimum target is reached if the total shareholder return of the Linde AG share exceeds the median of the control group (DAX 30) during the vesting period. The stretch target is reached if the total shareholder return of the Linde AG share is in the upper quartile of the control group (DAX 30) during the vesting period. If the minimum target is reached, 7.5 percent of the options in a tranche may be exercised and, if the stretch target is reached, 30 percent of the options in a tranche. If the total shareholder return is between these two target figures, the number of options that may be exercised is determined on a straight-line basis between these two percentage rates. When total shareholder return is calculated, the same comments apply as for the “absolute total shareholder return” performance target. The “relative total shareholder return“ performance target is regarded as a market condition under IFRS 2 and is included in the measurement of the option price.
In accordance with IFRS 2 Share-based Payment, the total value of share options granted to management is determined at the issue date using an option pricing model. The total value calculated of the share options at the issue date is allocated as a personnel expense over the period in which the company receives service in return from the employee. This period is generally the same as the agreed vesting period. The other side of the entry is made directly in equity (in the capital reserve).
Movements in the options issued in the first tranche of the Long Term Incentive Plan 2007 were as follows:
Options |
| |
|
1st tranche |
At 1 January 2007 |
|
– |
Options granted |
|
526,380 |
Exercised in 2007 |
|
– |
Forfeited in 2007 |
|
– |
Expired in 2007 |
|
– |
At 31 December 2007 |
|
526,380 |
Of which exercisable in 2007 |
|
– |
| |
|
|
Options originally issued |
|
|
Executive Board |
|
83,726 |
Other senior management |
|
442,654 |
Total |
|
526,380 |
No options could be exercised in 2007, as the three-year vesting period had not yet elapsed.
The calculation of the expense is based on the fair value of the options issued, using a Monte Carlo Simulation for the fair value calculation. The following measurement parameters were used:
Monte Carlo simulation model |
| |
|
1st tranche |
Date of valuation |
|
02.08.2007 |
Expected share volatility (%) |
|
20.26 |
Risk-free interest rate (%) |
|
4.31 |
Expected dividend yield (%) |
|
1.90 |
Initial value of Linde share |
|
88.45 |
Exercise price in € |
|
2.56 |
Number of participants |
|
840 |
Options per exercise hurdle |
|
|
Option price |
|
Weighting |
|
Total value |
|
Probability |
|
Value on
allocation |
Earnings per share |
|
81.30 € |
|
40 % |
|
32.52 € |
|
40 % |
|
13.01 € |
Absolute total shareholder return |
|
36.34 € |
|
30 % |
|
10.90 € |
|
|
|
10.90 € |
Total shareholder return |
|
43.69 € |
|
30 % |
|
13.11 € |
|
|
|
13.11 € |
Total |
|
|
|
100 % |
|
56.53 € |
|
|
|
37.02 € |
The volatility figure underlying the valuation is based on the historical volatility of the Linde share. The expected volatility is calculated on the basis of the historical values in the three years preceding the issue date of the options.
The effect on earnings of the recognition of the expense in the income statement of The Linde Group was as follows:
Options |
| |
|
31.12.2007
€ million |
1st tranche (2007) |
|
3 |
Total |
|
3 |
Linde Management Incentive Programm 2002
It was resolved at the Shareholders’ Meeting of Linde AG held on 14 May 2002 to introduce a share option scheme for management (Linde Management Incentive Programme 2002), under which up to six million subscription rights can be issued. The Linde Management Incentive Programme 2002 expired in the 2006 financial year.
The aim of this share option scheme is to allow around 539 members of the worldwide management team to participate in price rises in Linde shares and thereby in the increase in value of the company. Participants were granted options to subscribe to Linde shares, each with a term of seven years. The Supervisory Board determines the allocation of subscription rights to the members of the Executive Board of Linde AG. Otherwise, the Executive Board, with the approval of the Supervisory Board, determines the number of options to be issued.
The options confer the right to subscribe to shares in Linde AG at the exercise price. The exercise price for acquiring new shares in Linde AG is 120 percent of the base price. The base price is the average closing price of Linde shares in XETRA trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange over the last five days before the issue date of the options. The establishment of the exercise price also fulfils the legal requirement for a performance target linked to the rise in the share price of the company. It only makes economic sense to exercise the option if the share price exceeds the exercise price. Setting a performance target of a 20 percent increase in share price links the motivation of the participants in the share option scheme closely to the interests of the shareholders, who are seeking to achieve a medium-term increase in the value of the company.
The option conditions provide for a qualifying period for the share options of two years from their date of issue. At the end of this period, the options can be exercised during the entire option term, i.e. during the five years from the end of the qualifying period, excluding any blocked periods. These are the periods from three weeks before to two days after the public reporting dates of the company, and the last two weeks before the end of the financial year until two days after the announcement of the annual results, and 14 weeks before the third banking day after the annual general meeting of the shareholders. In order to meet the option entitlements of the option holders, Linde AG may elect to provide own shares which it has repurchased in the market, or to issue new shares out of the share capital conditionally authorised for this purpose or, instead of providing new shares, to make a payment in cash per option which represents the difference between the exercise price and the XETRA closing price of Linde shares on the exercise date. These arrangements allow for flexibility in the exercise of the subscription rights. It may make economic sense to use own shares where these are available, rather than increasing share capital or making a payment in cash. The decision as to how the option entitlements will be met will be made in each case by the appropriate executive bodies of the company, which will be guided solely by the interests of the shareholders and of the company. For share options issued to members of the Executive Board, it is envisaged that, with effect from the 2004 tranche, the Supervisory Board will be able to decide to restrict the exercise of options, if there are exceptional unforeseen movements in the price of Linde shares. This was not the case in the 2006 and 2007 financial years.
Participation in the Linde Management Incentive Programme requires no investment from the executives entitled to options. Instead, it is an additional component of their remuneration package.
In accordance with IFRS 2 Share-based Payment, the total value of share options granted to management will be determined at the issue date using an option pricing model. The total value calculated of the share options at the issue date will then be allocated as a personnel expense over the period in which the company receives service in return from the employee. This period is generally the same as the qualifying period. The other side of the entry is made directly in equity (in the capital reserve).
Movements in the options issued under the Linde Management Incentive Programme were as follows:
Options |
|
|
1st tranche
2002 |
|
2nd tranche
2003 |
|
3rd tranche
2004 |
|
4th tranche
2005 |
|
5th tranche
2006 |
|
Total |
At 1 January 2006 |
|
954,600 |
|
468,928 |
|
991,700 |
|
1,105,700 |
|
– |
|
3,520,928 |
Options granted |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
1,336,500 |
|
1,336,500 |
Exercised in 2006 |
|
297,550 |
|
66,104 |
|
223,650 |
|
– |
|
– |
|
587,304 |
Expired in 2006 |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
At 31 December 2006/1 January 2007 |
|
656,050 |
|
393,524 |
|
764,050 |
|
1,099,700 |
|
1,333,500 |
|
4,246,824 |
Options granted |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
of which to the Executive Board |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
of which to other senior management |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
Exercised in 2007 |
|
429,100 |
|
119,901 |
|
206,750 |
|
188,700 |
|
– |
|
944,451 |
Expired in 2007 |
|
– |
|
– |
|
1,000 |
|
9,000 |
|
11,000 |
|
21,000 |
Forfeited in 2007 |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
At 31 December 2007 |
|
226,950 |
|
273,623 |
|
556,300 |
|
902,000 |
|
1,322,500 |
|
3,281,373 |
of which exercisable in 2006 |
|
656,050 |
|
393,524 |
|
764,050 |
|
– |
|
– |
|
1,813,624 |
of which exercisable in 2007 |
|
226,950 |
|
273,623 |
|
556,300 |
|
902,000 |
|
– |
|
1,958,873 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options originally issued |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Executive Board |
|
240,000 |
|
240,000 |
|
240,000 |
|
230,000 |
|
240,000 |
|
1,200,000 |
Other senior management |
|
760,000 |
|
777,600 |
|
764,500 |
|
875,700 |
|
1,086,500 |
|
4,264,300 |
Total |
|
1,000,000 |
|
1,017,600 |
|
1,004,500 |
|
1,105,700 |
|
1,336,500 |
|
5,464,300 |
As a result of the exercise of 944,451 options (2006: 587,304), capital subscribed increased in 2007 by EUR 2m (2006: EUR 1m) and the capital reserve rose by EUR 48m (2006: EUR 30m).
The calculation of the expense is based on the fair value of the subscription rights issued, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. At the date of issue, the value of the options in the first tranche was calculated as EUR 9.84, in the second tranche EUR 7.16, in the third tranche EUR 7.92, in the fourth tranche EUR 6.92 and in the fifth tranche EUR 11.24.
The following measurement parameters were used:
|
Black-Scholes option price model |
|
|
|
1st tranche |
|
2nd tranche |
|
3rd tranche |
|
4th tranche |
|
5th tranche |
|
Date of valuation |
|
22.07.2002 |
|
06.06.2003 |
|
27.05.2004 |
|
18.07.2005 |
|
12.05.2006 |
|
Exercise price (€)1 |
|
56.90 |
|
32.38 |
|
47.91 |
|
64.88 |
|
81.76 |
|
Expected share volatility (%) |
|
21 |
|
32 |
|
23 |
|
18 |
|
22 |
|
Risk-free interest rate (%) |
|
4.76 |
|
3.20 |
|
4.11 |
|
3.04 |
|
3.83 |
|
Term to end of performance period (years) |
|
7 |
|
7 |
|
7 |
|
7 |
|
7 |
|
Expected dividend yield (%) |
|
2.27 |
|
3.72 |
|
2.76 |
|
2.15 |
|
2.15 |
|
1 |
Adjusted as a result of the increase in share capital. |
The volatility figure underlying the valuation is based on historical, implicit volatility, taking the remaining terms of the share options into account.
The effect on earnings of the recognition of the expense in the income statement of The Linde Group was as follows:
Options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Value of option
rights €1 |
|
31.12.
2002
€ million |
|
31.12.
2003
€ million |
|
31.12.
2003
€ million |
|
31.12.
2005
€ million |
|
31.12.
2006
€ million |
|
31.12.
2007
€ million |
1st tranche (2002) |
|
9.84 |
|
2 |
|
5 |
|
2 |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
2nd tranche (2003) |
|
7.16 |
|
– |
|
2 |
|
4 |
|
1 |
|
– |
|
– |
3rd tranche (2004) |
|
7.92 |
|
– |
|
– |
|
2 |
|
4 |
|
1 |
|
– |
4th tranche (2005) |
|
6.92 |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
2 |
|
4 |
|
3 |
5th tranche (2006) |
|
11.24 |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
5 |
|
6 |
Total |
|
– |
|
2 |
|
7 |
|
8 |
|
7 |
|
10 |
|
9 |